Radiation Oncologist: A doctor who specializes in using radiation to treat cancer.
Radiation Surgery: A radiation therapy procedure that uses special equipment to position the patient and precisely deliver a large radiation dose to a tumor and not to normal tissue. This procedure does not use surgery. It is used to treat brain tumors and other brain disorders. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer, such as lung cancer. Also called Radiosurgery, Stereotactic External-Beam Radiation, Stereotactic Radiation Therapy and Stereotactic Radiosurgery.
Radical Nephrectomy: Surgery to remove an entire kidney, nearby adrenal gland and lymph nodes and other surrounding tissue.
Radiofrequency Ablation: A treatment technique that uses high-frequency alternating electrical current to destroy abnormal cells by heating them with the use of electrodes.
Radiosurgery: A radiation therapy procedure that uses special equipment to position the patient and precisely deliver a large radiation dose to a tumor and not to normal tissue. This procedure does not use surgery. It is used to treat brain tumors and other brain disorders. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer, such as lung cancer. Also called Radiation Surgery, Stereotactic External-Beam Radiation, Stereotactic Radiation Therapy and Stereotactic Radiosurgery.
Randomized Clinical Trial: A study in which the participants are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments; neither the researchers nor the participants can choose which group. Using chance to assign people to groups means that the groups will be similar and that the treatments they receive can be compared objectively. At the time of the trial, it is not known which treatment is best. It is the patient's choice to be in a randomized trial.
Recurrence: Cancer that has returned after a period of time during which the cancer could not be detected. The cancer may come back to the same place as the original (primary) tumor or to another place in the body also called Recurrent Cancer.
Relative Survival: A specific measurement of survival. For cancer, the rate is calculated by adjusting the survival rate to remove all causes of death except cancer. The rate is determined at specific time intervals, such as 2 years and 5 years after diagnosis.
Renal Artery: The main blood vessel that supplies blood to a kidney and its nearby adrenal gland and ureter. There is a renal artery for each kidney.
Renal Capsule: The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each kidney.
Renal Pelvis: The area at the center of the kidney. Urine collects here and is funneled into the ureter, the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder.
Residual Cancer: Cancer cells that remain after attempts to remove the cancer have been made.
Response Rate: The percentage of patients whose cancer shrinks or disappears after treatment. |
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